Poly Anionic Cellulose (PAC) is a water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent properties like high stability, viscosity control, and resistance to salts and temperature. It’s typically produced by chemically modifying natural cellulose with carboxymethyl groups, giving it an anionic character.

1. Oil and Gas Industry:
   Poly Anionic Cellulose is a staple in drilling fluids (muds) for oil and gas exploration. It acts as a viscosifier and fluid loss reducer, helping to stabilize the borehole, lubricate the drill bit, and carry cuttings to the surface. Its resistance to high salinity and temperature makes it ideal for harsh drilling environments, like offshore rigs or deep wells. There are two main grades: PAC-L (low viscosity) for fluid loss control and PAC-R (regular/high viscosity) for thicker muds.
2. Construction:
   In cement and mortar formulations, Poly Anionic Cellulose improves workability and water retention. It prevents the mix from drying out too quickly, ensuring proper curing—especially useful in dry or hot climates. It’s also added to gypsum-based products like plaster to enhance adhesion and smoothness.
3. Food Industry:
   Though less common than carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Poly Anionic Cellulose can serve as a thickener or stabilizer in processed foods. It’s valued for being non-toxic and biodegradable, but its use here is more niche due to cost and regulatory preferences for CMC.
4. Pharmaceuticals:
   Poly Anionic Cellulose finds use in drug formulations as a binder or disintegrant in tablets, leveraging its solubility and stability. It’s also explored in controlled-release drug systems due to its gel-forming ability.
5. Paper and Textiles:
   In papermaking, it enhances pulp hydration and sheet strength. For textiles, it’s used in sizing agents to improve fabric durability and finish.
6. Water Treatment:
   As a flocculant, Poly Anionic Cellulose helps aggregate impurities in wastewater, aiding filtration and purification processes. Its anionic nature binds well with positively charged contaminants.

The polymer’s versatility comes from its tunable properties—molecular weight and degree of substitution can be adjusted to suit specific needs. It’s generally safe, eco-friendly, and efficient, though its production costs can be higher than alternatives like guar gum or xanthan gum, depending on the application. In 2025, with industries pushing for greener solutions, PAC’s biodegradable profile keeps it relevant, especially in regions with strict environmental regs.